Vocabulario y Apuntes
Ser y Estar
Both the verbs "Ser" and "Estar" mean "to be" however we use them for different reasons.
The forms of Ser y Estar
|
Yo soy estoy |
Nosotros somos estamos |
|
Tú eres estás |
Vosotros sois estáis |
|
Él Ella es está Usted |
Ellos Ellas son están Ustedes |
Ser
descriptions (personailty and physical traits) El es alto. Ella es inteligente.
Where someone is from Yo soy de Mexico.
What someone/something is Mi madre es profesora. El libro es grande.
Telling time Son las dos. Es la una
Estar
Emotions/ feelings Estoy enfermo. Mi hermana es triste.
Locations Pablo esta en la clase. El libro esta al lado del cuaderno.
Posessive adjectives
To show possession in spanish we use possesive adjectives just as we do in english. Just like all adjectives in spanish possesive adjectives have to agree in gender and number.
Mi/ mis my
tu/ tus your
su/ sus his/ her/ their
nuestro/ nuestra / nuestros/ nuestras our
Examples.
Juan es mi hermano. Juan is my brother.
Maria es tu tía. Maria is your aunt.
Sus primos son mayores. Your cousins are older
Nuestra casa es pequeña. Our house is small.
*Remember that the possessive adjective agrees with the object it is refering to and not the subject. For example in the fourth example it does not matter if the person who's house it is is a man or a woman because the word "house" is femenine and singular the possessive adjective is femenine and singular. Nuestro is the only possessive adjective that has to agree with both gender and number.
* to show belonging in spanish we do not use apostrophes ' instead you use the word "de" to show this.
Example: Es el libro de Juan. It is Juan's book.
Vocabulario para la familia
abuelo - grandfather
abuela - grandmother
madre - mother
padre - father
tio - uncle
tia - aunt
hermano - brother
hermana - sister
primo - cousin (male)
prima - cousin (female)
hijo - son
hija - daughter
madrastra - step-mother
padrastro - step-father
hermanastro - step-brother
hermanastra - step-sister
esposo - husband
esposa - wife
el perro - dog
el gato - cat
Additional vocabulary to talk about family
nieto - grandson
nieta - granddaughter
sobrino - nephew
sobrina - niece
padrino - God father
madrina - God mother
ahijado - god son
ahijada - god daughter
Ir + a + infinitive
The verb "Ir" can also be used to say what someone is "going to do" in order to do this you will need to write the form of "Ir" that goes with your subject, followed by "a" and then followed by the infinitive of the verb that is saying what the person is "going to do"
ejemplo: I am going to play basketball after school. Yo voy a jugar básquetbol después de las clases.
The verb "Ir"
The verb "Ir" means "To go" It is always followed by the word "a" which means "to." The forms of "Ir" are
|
Yo voy |
Nosotros vamos |
|
Tú vas |
Vosotros vais |
|
Él Ella va Usted |
Ellos Ellas van Ustedes |
Examples:
Yo voy a la biblioteca = I go to the library.
Tu vas al centro comercial = You go to the mall.
Nosotros vamas a los cines = We go to the movies
Juan va a las playas = Juan goes to the beaches.
Notice how when you have a masculine noun like "el centro comercial" you must combine a + el to form the contraction "al" this only applies for masculine singular nouns.
Los colores
red - rojo
blue - azul
orange - anaranjado
yellow - amarillo
white - blanco
black - negro
green - verde
purple - morado
brown - marrón / café
pink - rosado
grey - gris
Making things plural
To make nouns and other spanish words plural follow these rules:
For masculine nouns replace "el" with "los" and "un" with "unos"
For feminine nouns replace "la" with "las" and "una" with "unas"
If the word ends in a vowel: a,e, i, o, or u just add an "s"
If the word ends in a consanant add "es"
If the word ends in a "z" change the "z" to a "c" and then add "es"
examples: el libro - the book los libros - the books
la mochila - the backpack las mochilas - the backpacks
el papel - the paper los papeles - the papers
el lápiz - the pencil los lápices - the pencils
Prepositions
To say where things are located we use prepositions. In spanish we also need to know the verb Estar. Estar like the verb Ser means to be. However we use Estar for temporary conditions like location and emotions. Ser is used for more permanent characteristics like personality traits, physical characteristics, and saying what someone "is." The forms of Estar are:
|
Yo estoy |
Nosotros estamos |
|
Tú estás |
Vosotros estáis |
|
Él Ella está Usted |
Ellos Ellas están Ustedes |
Some prepositions you've learned this chapter are:
al lado de next to, beside
debajo de underneath
encima de on top of
delante de in front of
detras de behind
entre between
You also want to remember the word "de" when talking about where things are located. De means "of" in this case. For example:
La profesora de la clase es Srta. Davis. The teacher of the class is Ms. Davis.
When using de before a masculine singular noun however you need to combine de + el to form the contraction del. For example:
¿Dónde está el sacapuntas? Where is the pencil sharpner?
El sacapuntas está al lado del lápiz. The pencil sharpner is next to the pencil.
Conjugating "AR" verbs
One of the most important things to learn in spanish is how to conjugate verbs. You can view the following powerpoint in order to review how to conjugate regular "AR" verbs. You can also go to the following website to help review "AR" verbs. http://www.quia.com/jg/317083.html
Subject Pronouns
In english the subject pronouns are: I, you, he, she, it, we, you all, and they
In spanish the subject pronouns are: yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nostros, nosotras, vosotros, vosotras, ellos, ellas, and ustudes.
To review rules for subject pronouns view the following power point:
http://www.quia.com/jg/322547.html
to talk about activities
bailar - to dance
cantar - to sing
correr - to run
dibujar - to draw
escribir cuentos - to write stories
escuchar música - to listen to music
esquiar - to ski
hablar por teléfono - to talk on the phone
ir a la escuela - to go to school
jugar videojuegos - to play videogames
leer revistas - to read magazines
montar en bicicleta - to ride a bike
montar en monopatín - to skateboard
nadar - to swim
pasar tiempo con amigos - to spend time with freinds
patinar - to skate
practicar deportes - to practice (play) sports
tocar la guitarra - to play the guitar
trabajar - to work
usar la computadora - to use the computer
ver la tele - to watch television
Apuntes - El verbo Gustar
The verb gustar means "to like" it is an AR verb.
Me gusta means "I like" You can also say A mí me gusta... this is more specific and places emphasis on the fact that the subject is you. It is like saying "For me, I like..." To say you don't like, simply place a "no" in front of "me" ex. No me gusta... "I don't like..."
Other expressions with gustar
Me gusta mucho... - I like to... a lot
Me gusta más... - I like to ...better. or I prefer to...
A mí también. - I do too
No me gusta nada - I don't like to ...at all.
A mí tampoco. - I don't (like to) either
To talk about what others like we use
¿Te gusta...? - Do you (informal) like to ...?
¿Y a tí? - and you?
¿Qué te gusta hacer? - what do you like to do?
¿Qué te gusta más? - What do you like (prefer) better?
le gusta - he/she likes or you (formal) like
nos gusta - we like
les gusta - they like
Other useful words and expressions
ni...ni - neither...nor
o - or
pues... - well...
sí - yes
también - also, too
y - and
Vocabulario – En la escuela
to greet someone
Buenos días. Good morning.
Buenas tardes Good afternoon.
Buenas noches Good evening
¡Hola! Hello
¿Cómo te llamas? What is your name?
Me llamo… My name is…
Encantado, -a Delighted
Igualmente Likewise
Mucho gusto Pleased to meet you
señor, Sr. sir, Mr.
señora, Sra. madam, Mrs.
señorita, Srta. miss, Ms.
to ask and tell how someone is
¿Cómo está Ud.? (formal) How are you?
¿Cómo estás? (familiar) How are you?
¿Qué pasa? What’s happening
¿Qué tal? What’s up or How are you?
¿y tú? / ¿y usted (Ud.)? And you?
(muy) bien (very) well
nada nothing
regular/así así okay/so so
gracias thank you
to say good-bye
¡Adiós! Good-bye!
Hasta luego See you later
Hasta mañana See you tomorrow
¡Nos Vemos! See you!
Conversación básica:
Profesor: Buenos días.
Estudiante: Hola.
Profesor: ¿Cómo te llamas?
Estudiante: Me llamo Carlos. ¿Y usted?
Profesor: Me llamo Sr. Garcia.
Estudiante: Mucho gusto, señor.
Profesor: Igualmente. ¿Cómo estás?
Estudiante: Muy bien, gracias. ¿Cómo está usted?
Profesor: Muy bien. ¿Dónde vives?
Estudiante: Vivo en Greenbelt.
Profesor: Hasta luego, Carlos.
Estudiante: Adiós, Sr. Garcia.
Los Numeros 1 -100
Go to the websites below to review the numbers 1- 100 in spanish
http://www.123teachme.com/learn_spanish/spanish_numbers_intro
http://www.123teachme.com/learn_spanish/spanish_numbers_20_through_100
El Calendario y la fecha
Los dias de la semana
Click on the link to listen to the pronunciation for the days of the week
http://www.123teachme.com/learn_spanish/spanish_verbs_022
Los meses del ano
Click on the link to practice the months of the year
http://www.123teachme.com/learn_spanish/months_of_the_year
Una conversación básica para la fecha.
Linda: Hola Maria, ¿Qué día es hoy?
Maria: Hoy es lunes, mañana es martes.
Linda: ¿Cuál es la fecha?
Maria: Es el primero de agosto.
Linda: ¿Cuántos días hay en el mes de agosto?
Maria: Hay 31 días en el mes de agosto
El cuerpo
Go to the link below to practice parts of the body. Make sure you navigate from the first page on facial features to view and practice all parts of the body we have learned in class.
http://www.123teachme.com/learn_spanish/face_vocabulary
Apuntes – Tú vs. usted
For most Spanish speakers there are two ways to say “you”: tú and usted.
Ø Use tú when speaking to:
o friends
o family
o people your own age
o children
o pets.
Ø Usted is formal. Use it to show respect and when talking to:
o people you don’t know well
o older people
o people in positions of authority (ex. Police officer, principal, teacher and anyone you address as Mr., Ms., or Mrs.)
Would you say tú or Ud. When talking to the following people?
§ Your brother
§ Your teacher
§ Your best friend
§ Your friend’s mother
§ Your cat
§ Your principal
§ A new acquaintance who is your age